Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability

Naringin (NAR), a major flavanone (FVA) glycoside, is a component of food mainly obtained from grapefruit. We used NAR as a food additive to improve the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols used as supplements in the food industry. The spray-dried particles (SDPs) of NAR alone show an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature (T_g) at 93.2 °C. SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols, such as flavone (FVO), quercetin (QCT), naringenin (NRG), and resveratrol (RVT) were prepared by adding varying amounts of NAR. All SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols with added NAR were in an amorphous state with a single T_g, but SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols without added NAR showed diffraction peaks derived from each crystal. The SDPs with NAR could keep an amorphous state after storage at a high humidity condition for one month, except for SDPs of RVT/NAR. SDPs with NAR enhanced the solubility of hydrophobic polyphenols, especially NRG solubility, which was enhanced more than 9 times compared to NRG crystal. The enhanced solubility resulted in the increased membrane permeability of NRG. The antioxidant effect of the hydrophobic NRG was also enhanced by the synergetic effect of NAR. The findings demonstrated that NAR could be used as a food additive to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols.     

Reducing over- and under-estimation of the a priori SNR in speech enhancement techniques

Most speech enhancement methods based on short-time spectral modification are generally expressed as a spectral gain depending on the estimate of the local signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on each frequency bin. Several studies have analyzed the performance of a priori SNR estimation algorithms to improve speech quality and to reduce speech distortions. In this paper, we concentrate on the analysis of over- and under estimation of the a priori SNR in speech enhancement and noise reduction systems. We first show that conventional approaches such as the decision-directed approach proposed by Ephraïm and Malah lead to a biased estimator for the a priori SNR. To reduce this bias, our strategy relies on the introduction of a correction term in the a priori SNR estimate depending on the current state of both the available a posteriori SNR and the estimated a priori one. The proposed solution leads to a bias-compensated a priori SNR estimate, and allows to finely estimating the output speech signal to be very close to the original one on each frequency bin. Such refinement procedure in the a priori SNR estimate can be inserted in any type of spectral gain function to improve the output speech quality. Objective tests under various environments in terms of the Normalized Covariance Metric (NCM) criterion, the Coherence Speech Intelligibility Index (CSII) criterion, the segmental SNR criterion and the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) measure are presented showing the superiority of the proposed method compared to competitive algorithms.     

利用阈值分割技术提取煤泥浮选泡沫图像的物理特征

探讨了煤泥浮选泡沫图像特征的提取方法，首先将RGB图像转化为灰度级图像，再采用直方图均衡化和局域中值滤波处理，以改善图像的对比度，利用阈值分割技术和二值化处理方法提取了气泡的个数，对亮点的面积，形状，周长进行了计算，求出了气泡的粒度分布，通过对51幅煤泥浮选泡沫图像的研究。发现该方法适用于亮点明显，气泡粒度大的图像，可以用来指导煤泥浮选的操作。     

旋喷桩在加固地下管线中的应用

介绍了旋喷桩的特点和加固地下管线的机理。通过津汉公路—机场大道立交桥工程中采用旋喷桩加固既有地下管线的设计过程,具体介绍了设计计算中单桩竖向承载力特征值、桩的面积置换率、布桩的计算。工程实践说明旋喷桩加固地下管线地基,对难于拆改的管线起到了保护作用,节约了投资,也为旋喷桩在类似工程中的应用提供了参考。     

水力空化强化臭氧消毒技术的影响因素研究

采用水力空化强化臭氧消毒技术对饮用水进行消毒，考察了臭氧体积流量、多孔板的几何参数及其入口压力、pH值等对消毒效果的影响。试验结果表明：适宜的臭氧体积流量为0．04m^3／h；提高多孔板的入口压力有利于改善消毒效果；在入口压力一定的条件下，多孔板的孔径越小则消毒效果越好，而当总孔周长与总过流面积之比一定时，过流面积比越大则消毒效果越佳；当pH值为4～10时，提高pH值有利于改善灭菌效果；单独水力空化、臭氧氧化以及它们的联合工艺对细菌的杀灭均遵循表观一级动力学模型。     

Membrane performance enhancer evaluations on pilot- and full-scale membrane bioreactors

Recently developed polymeric membrane performance enhancer product, MPE50, was tested in various pilot‐ and full‐scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The Initial MPE50 dosage was determined by visual jar tests and by using various bench‐top filtration tests. Different amounts of MPE50 were dosed, and the particle size and supernatant clarity of the mixed liquor were monitored visually. Bench‐top filtration tests were also conducted. A 50% higher MPE50 dosage is recommended to be added to the pilot/full‐scale bioreactors because, based on experience, some of the soluble microbial products in the mixed liquor do not completely react with polymer during the relatively short bench‐test mixing time interval. With the addition of 400 mg/L MPE50 to a pilot MBR, the design flow was increased twofold without any significant transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase for 1 day. The control TMP surged within a few hours without MPE50. Long‐term field trials in a full‐scale plant also showed a substantial flux increase. In addition to flux enhancement, MPE50 helped to remove foam from the bioreactors and improved plant aesthetics, safety and general operating performance.     

光催化技术在建筑环境与设备中的应用及研究现状

简述了光催化技术在建筑环境与设备领域中的研究和应用,目前研究开发的热点是利用光催化技术改善室内空气质量、光催化材料的杀菌作用、光催化材料的自清洁和防雾功能、利用光催化材料强化空调与制冷换热设备的传热性能;对其应用研究现状进行了分析,并指出需要进一步研究的问题。     

一种新型板式换热器的设计及其传热特性的模拟研究

设计了一种隔板为六边形的板式换热器，基于干工况平衡流换热的模拟研究表明，该换热器具有准逆流换热的特点和强化换热作用。雷诺数在300～1000范围内，随着RP的增加，传热能力增加；当Re为900时，平均换热系数提高约一倍。实验验证模拟结果是有效的。     

A study on the relationship between biodegradability enhancement and oxidation of 1,4-dioxane using ozone and hydrogen peroxide

Advanced oxidation involving O₃/H₂O₂ was used to eliminate 1,4-dioxane and to enhance the biodegradability of dioxane-contaminated water. Oxidation experiments were carried out in a bubble column reactor operating in fed-batch. The rate of dioxane removal and enhancement in biodegradability was investigated at hydrogen peroxide to ozone ratios between 0 and 0.6 mol:mol and pH between 5 and 11. A theoretical model was also applied to predict the experimental data and to investigate the effects of dioxane concentration, pH, and H₂O₂ concentration. The model predictions fit the experimental data well and there was a linear correlation between dioxane oxidation and BOD enhancement. At low dioxane concentrations, the oxidation rate was first order and it gradually approached zero order with increasing dioxane concentration. Also, the biodegradability of the solution increased with pH up to about 9 and it stayed constant with further pH increase. Hydrogen peroxide initially enhanced dioxane removal and biodegradability enhancement of the solution. However, at H₂O₂:O₃ ratios greater than about 0.4-0.45 mol:mol, i.e. about 2.90 mM for H₂O₂ concentration, H₂O₂ had negative impacts and resulted in reduced dioxane removal and biodegradability increase.     

附加湍流器强化油田采出水超滤过程的研究

为改善超滤处理油田采出水的膜过滤性能，设计了4种不同结构形式的湍流器并进行膜过滤强化试验，考察了湍流器的构型、螺距等对膜通量及单位产水能耗的影响。结果表明，湍流器可以明显提高膜通量，同时降低了单位产水能耗。与未加湍流器的相比，在相同的操作条件下采用湍流器可以使膜渗透通量提高83％～164％，而单位产水能耗却降低了31％～42％，其中螺距为20．0mm、缠绕线粗为1．0mm缠绕式湍流器的实际使用效果最为显著。